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Issac Newton, 1642-1727 62 級 陳文賢 繪
Issac Newton(1642~1727),英國的數學家及物理學家,微積分主要締造者,萬有引力理論的發明者。
Newton 在 1642 年生於英國的 Lincolnshire。1661 年上劍橋大學,但無特別表現。其實在大學期間,他已經摸索出二項展開式,為其微積分奠下基礎。
1665 年倫敦發生大瘟疫,Newton 回到家鄉的農場,開始構思萬有引力學說。然而由於實際觀測與理論計算所得的數據有些出入,加上數學上的一些障礙,Newton 並沒有發表他的學說。 Newton 於 1667 年回到劍橋,並於 1669 年成為講座教授。1672 年入選為皇家學會院士,提出稜鏡分光的實驗報告。
1684 年 Newton 開始撰寫《Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica》(《自然哲學的數學原理》)這部曠世巨作,而於 1687 年完成並出版。
完成了《Principia》後,Newton 也就離開了學術。他先成了國會議員,再做製幣廠廠長,最後於 1703 年坐上皇家學會會長的寶座,直到幾乎老死。Newton 終身未婚。
【撰稿:曹亮吉。感謝台大數學系《數學知識》網站同意轉載】
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