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cauchy
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Augustin Louis Cauchy, 1789-1857 64 級 林田 繪
Cauchy(1789~1857)法國數學家,生卒於巴黎。在分析學與數學物理卓有貢獻,也是微積分嚴格化的第一人。 Cauchy 誕生於法國大革命時期。他的家庭與 Laplace 與 Lagrange 交好,Lagrange 尤其算是他的數學啟蒙老師。
1805 年 Cauchy 進入綜合工藝學院 (Ecole Polytechnique),1807 年畢業後,進入一所工程學院 Ecole des Ponts et Chausse 深造。再投入拿破崙軍隊,從事運河或港口工程等煩冗事務的同時,Cauchy 努力研讀 Laplace 的《天體力學》與 Lagrange 的《函數理論》,1815 年之前,Cauchy 想在學術圈謀取教職的心願一直不順遂。但 1816 年,在他獲得法國科學院的大獎後,兩年內就成為科學院院士,法蘭西學院院士並獲得綜合工藝學院的教職。
Cauchy 在數學上的貢獻不凡,他一生寫了令人咋舌的 789 篇數學論文。從數學史的觀點,他最重要的成就或許在於,他是打下分析(實變數或複變數)嚴格基礎的先驅者:例如收斂、極限、連續函數的意義,無窮級數的收斂條件,複變數函數的定義等。另外他在微分方程、數學物理(彈性理論,光學等)、代數也有很大的貢獻,並因此留給後人許多有威力的數學工具:Cauchy-Kovalevskaya 定理,Fourier 轉換,矩陣的對角化,calculus of residue 等等。
【撰稿:翁秉仁。感謝台大數學系《數學知識》網站同意轉載】
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