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cantor
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Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor, 1845-1918 60 級 廖春凱 繪
Cantor(1845~1918)生於聖彼得堡,卒於 Halle(德國)。他是數學史上最被誤解,而又最具革命性的思想家之一。 Cantor 1862 年就讀於蘇黎士,先後受教於 Weierstrass、Kummer 及 Kronecker。1867 年以一篇數論問題的論文,從柏林大學獲得博士學位。他因為對一般數學的正確性產生質疑,因而受到數學界的排擠。特別是有 Kronecker 作敵人,所以只能到第二流的小學校當教授,直到退休。
由於受到 Weierstrass 在分析方面的影響,使得 Cantor 注意到實數線上點集的本質。 1874 年他在《Crelle 雜誌》上發表了集合論的第一篇文章。後來由於比較無窮集合的大小而產生了超限數的概念,使集合論變成數學的一支。 在他之前,所有的無窮都被視為一樣,但 Cantor 證明它們是不同的。 1632 年伽利略在他的對話錄中說:「數與平方數一樣多,因為每個數都有平方根。」他問,自然數及平方數那一比較多。Cantor 給了「一樣多」一個精確的意義。Cantor 的無限的概念,激起了許多人的反對,包括 Kronecker 及 Gauss 等人。Kronecker 對數學存在性的嚴厲要求大大地傷害了 Cantor。
【撰稿:林聰源。感謝台大數學系《數學知識》網站同意轉載】
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